Prior to the early 20th century this connection was made with friction joints alone. The joint connecting the slide and bell sections has a threaded collar to secure the connection. The slide section is connected to the bell section by the neckpipe and a U-bend called the bell or back bow. This part of the slide must be lubricated frequently. The ends of inner slides on modern instruments are manufactured with a slightly larger diameter to achieve the same end. These were soldered onto the ends of the inner slide tubes to slightly increase their diameter. During the Renaissance, sleeves (called "stockings") were developed to decrease friction that would impede the slide's motion. The most distinctive feature of the trombone is the slide that lengthens the tubing and lowers the pitch (cf. The soldered stays on modern instruments replaced the loose stays found on sackbuts (medieval precursors to trombones). The slide section consists of a leadpipe, inner and outer slide tubes, and bracing, or "stays". It has a venturi: a small constriction of the air column that adds resistance, greatly affecting the tone of the instrument. The detachable cup-shaped mouthpiece is similar to that of the baritone horn and closely related to that of the trumpet. As with other brass instruments, sound is produced by blowing air through pursed lips producing a vibration that creates a standing wave in the instrument. The tubing is approximately cylindrical but actually contains a complex series of tapers which affect the intonation of the instrument. The trombone is a predominantly cylindrical tube with two "U"-shaped bends and a flared bell at the end. 5.2.1 Valves on bass and contrabass trombonesĬonstruction Basic trombone anatomy.In British brass-band music the tenor trombone is treated as a B♭ transposing instrument, written in treble clef, and the alto trombone is written at concert pitch, usually in alto clef.Ī person who plays the trombone is called a trombonist or trombone player. The once common E♭ alto trombone became less common as improvements in technique extended the upper range of the tenor, but it is regaining popularity for its lighter sonority. They are pitched in B♭, an octave below the B♭ trumpet and an octave above the pedal B♭ tuba. These are treated as non-transposing instruments, reading at concert pitch in bass clef, with higher notes sometimes being notated in tenor clef. The most frequently encountered trombones are the tenor trombone and bass trombone. The trombone has a predominantly cylindrical bore like the trumpet, in contrast to the more conical brass instruments like the cornet, the euphonium, and the French horn. The word "trombone" derives from Italian tromba (trumpet) and -one (a suffix meaning "large"), so the name means "large trumpet". The valve trombone is an exception, using three valves similar to those on a trumpet, and the superbone has valves and a slide. Nearly all trombones use a telescoping slide mechanism to alter the pitch instead of the valves used by other brass instruments. As with all brass instruments, sound is produced when the player's vibrating lips cause the air column inside the instrument to vibrate. The trombone ( German: Posaune, Italian, French: trombone) is a musical instrument in the brass family.
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